| Protocol/Layer | Acronym | What It Does |
|---|---|---|
| Point-to-Point Protocol (physical/data link layers) |
PPP | Used to connect and manage network communications over a modem. |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (network/transport layers) |
TCP/IP | The backbone protocol of the internet; very popular for intranets, internal networks using the internet, and web work-alikes. |
| Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (network/transport layers) |
IPX/SPX | The standard protocol of the Novell network operating system. |
| NetBIOS Extended User Interface (network/transport layers) |
NetBEUI pronounced Net Booie) |
A Microsoft protocol that is used only by Windows operating systems for LANs with no external connections; does not support routing (addressing through a router to other networks) |
| File Transfer Protocol (session/presentation layers) |
FTP | Used to send and receive files in client/server mode to or from a remote host. |
| Hypertext Transfer Protocol (session/presentation layers) |
HTTP | Used to send World Wide Web (WWW) documents, which are usually encoded in HTML (Hyertext Transfer Markup Language) across the network. |
| Network File Services (session/presentation layers) |
NFS | Allows the network node to access network drives as if they were local drives, files, and data; also performs the file access and data retrieval tasks requested of the network. |
| Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (session/presentation layers) |
SMTP | Used to send electronic mail (e-Mail) across a network. |
| Telnet (session/presentation layers) |
----- | Used to connect to a remote host and emulate a terminal that the remote server recognizes and works with. |